10 May 2010

Food Not Bombs and Me

March was essay-writing time as I applied for scholarships and the HECUA summer program. I wrote an essay for the iModules scholarship about how my time with Food Not Bombs affected myself and the group. Unfortunately, I was not one of the eight lucky recipients. Tune in next week for an essay that did pay off.

The Power of Meals: Food Not Bombs and Reciprocal Impacts

“Class projects don’t have to be dull,” I reassured myself. “I can make it something I’m interested in.” The assignment was to volunteer with an organization, any organization, and write about it. A classmate invited me to cook with her at the Food Not Bombs (FNB) house in Minneapolis. Cooking a free meal for the community from food that had been gleaned or rescued from a dumpster sounded much more interesting than sorting canned goods at a food shelf. Indeed, after one afternoon with FNB at their house, I was hooked, and returned week after week. Making meals with FNB had a profound impact on my understanding of waste in the food system, my perspective on dinnertime, and how an individual can make a difference.

That fall of 2008, my understanding of how our food is distributed and wasted was limited. Stepping into the FNB kitchen showed me the enormous amounts of food waste associated with grocery stores alone. A garbage bag brimming with bun, rolls, and loaves of all varieties would be sitting in the corner, waiting to be made into bread pudding. Three or four boxes of produce would be stacked in the middle of the floor. After sorting out the few items into the compost that were spoiled, the sweetly ripe and fragrant remainders were chopped into a fruit salad. Talking to those who had picked up the culled produce from the co-op or plucked the baked goods out of a grocery store’s dumpster was eye-opening. This tasty, edible food was either not pretty enough, past its expiration date, or pulled simply to make room for a new shipment. It went straight to the dumpster because that was easier, legally and logistically, than donating it to food shelves. I had not realized the extent to which grocery stores were willing to waste food in order to keep their shelves brimming with food, and unwilling to feed the hungry with the excess.

Transforming the urban harvest into a meal for the hungry was only half of FNB; building community was the other. That winter, FNB had not been able to find an indoor alternative to the local park where they normally served, so they invited people to dine in their living room. Spending the evening enjoying each other’s company without the aid of electronics, was an embarrassingly foreign experience to me. Caleb, organizer of most meals, played the guitar and regaled us with stories about tapping maple trees in a blizzard. We made up knock-knock jokes with Gabe, a bright six year-old. We took turns struggling with a marble tilt maze. In short, FNB meals were much more than fruit salad and bread pudding. The whole evening, we shared our talents and experiences with food or music or jokes. Furthermore, we strengthened the ties between the diverse people that shared FNB meals. To me, this is a model for mealtimes – they should be about more than just eating, and be a time to enjoy and appreciate each others’ talents over good food.

I relied on FNB for food and friendship through the winter, but my attendance became spotty the next semester. When I arrived one spring day ready to cook, I was stunned by what I saw. Unfamiliar people were picking over the contents of the house that were spread all over the porch and front lawn. I spotted Caleb in the back yard. “What’s going on?” I asked. “We got evicted,” he replied. I was stunned. Where would the residents go? Where would they cook? “Are you going to serve tonight?” I asked. Caleb distractedly listed some of the elements that had to come together: someone needed to pick up produce from the co-op, makeshift wood-burning stoves needed to be transported to the park so that we could cook there, and there were some mung beans left in the kitchen to prepare. I could not bear to abandon Caleb, so I headed to the disarrayed kitchen to tackle the beans. Caleb made some calls and found someone to pick up the produce. Together we packed dishes, utensils, stoves, and all the food I could scrounge up onto bike trailers. We hauled it to the park, where a small crowd was waiting for us. The produce arrived from the co-op and everyone rummaged through the boxes of berries, plums, and lettuce while I set up the food and Caleb lit the stoves. More people arrived. I greeted some familiar faces and some visitors from out of town. Finally, incredibly, the meal was in full swing. Despite the confusion and disorder of the afternoon, we had managed to distribute good food and build community, as scheduled. “You helped make a miracle here today,” Caleb smiled a twinkle in his eye.

This experience more than any other showed me the power of one person to make an impact on a community. I had set out to have fun assisting in a routine activity, but when I saw the house and its residents in disorder, I could not just walk away. I realized that my ties were deeper and that I could take on the more serious work of preparing a meal. Because I supported Caleb through preparing and serving a meal in the midst of an eviction, a few dozen people got healthy food and caught up with friends that night. This sense of empowerment compounds the other impacts FNB made on me: in the face of meals on the run, as one person, I can invite a group to spend the evening making dinner and entertaining ourselves. In the face of excessive waste, I can ask my managers at work about reducing waste or composting. The lessons from one class assignment that was decidedly not dull expanded my conception of nutrition to include the health of both the food system and my community.

03 May 2010

Purple Asparagus

My mission this summer is to get my hands in some land and grow some food. Today I took one small step toward that goal.

One of the options I considered for the internship component of the HECUA summer program was working on the U of M's student organic farm, Cornercopia. The program coordinator, Courtney Tchida, invited me to help out during class time.

I trekked toward the far northwest corner of the St. Paul Campus until I spotted a group of people hoeing and wrestling with hay. Courtney put me to work right away: I planted Brussels' sprouts and cauliflower, and mulched. Then she asked for volunteers to harvest asparagus and spinach. I was by her side in a flash.

The asparagus was planted in a large V and I had to look carefully for the clumps of purple shoots growing among the other vegetation. I snapped off likely looking stalks of all heights and thicknesses - stalks as thick as a quarter and as tall as my palm, stalks as thin as a pencil and almost up to my knee.

Each was astonishingly juicy and the ends that I popped into my mouth were as tender as anything. It hardly seemed like the same vegetable as what I'd get at the store. I felt like I was in the garden in Narnia, where all the fruit tastes infinitely better than the best you'd ever tasted. Everything I picked was destined for the Campus Club. Lucky ducks.

Photo source: http://www.jungleseeds.com/SeedShop/StemFruit.htm

01 April 2010

Statins and the number needed to treat


“Do Cholesterol Drugs Do Any Good?” by John Carey. Business Week, 17 January 2008.

I stumbled across this article earlier this week and was intrigued. My bus driver, who I found out last month studies and gives seminars on nutrition, spoke disparagingly about statins, and then I talked at length with a relative over spring break about the medications he takes. I also carry a torch for LDL cholesterol levels insofar as I think it bears too much of the blame for heart disease.

This article focuses on a statistic I’d never heard of before: number needed to treat, or NNT. NNT is the number of people that need to be treated in order for one person to benefit, compared to a control. The lower the NNT, the more effective the treatment. Lipitor’s newspaper ad says in large print "Lipitor reduces the risk of heart attack by 36%...in patients with multiple risk factors for heart disease" and in small print, "3% of patients taking a sugar pill or placebo had a heart attack compared to 2% of patients taking Lipitor." That yields a NNT of 100 as calculated below:

1/(experimental event rate – control event rate) = 1/(0.03-0.02) = 100

This means that you need to treat 100 people with statins in order for one person to benefit. Corey cites the example of the standard antibiotic treatment for H. pylori stomach bacteria, which cause ulcers. Its NNT is 1.1 – treat 11 people and 10 will be cured.

Statins’ high NNT means different things for an individual and a population, according to Dr. Peter Trewby, consultant physician at Darlington Memorial Hospital in Britain.

"It's all about whether we think the population is what matters, in which case we should all be on statins, or the individual, in which case we should not be…What is of great value to the population can be of little benefit to the individual."

The drug companies sure would enjoy having everyone with elevated cholesterol taking a statin. But statins are not cheap or free from side effects. And they only target one parameter, unlike diet and exercise, which can have a positive effect on a number of health indicators.

Cholesterol is handy because it’s relatively easy to measure and track. But it’s just one number. We are assessing our iron status in Experimental Nutrition and are measuring five different parameters in order to get a complete picture. And that’s just for iron. Coronary disease is much more complex and has other risk factors besides elevated LDL-cholesterol levels. So focusing on one number is not a very effective mode of treatment.

That’s not to say that we should ignore LDL cholesterol entirely.

Dr. Ronald M. Krauss, director of atherosclerosis research at the Oakland Research Institute, explains that higher LDL levels do help set the stage for heart disease by contributing to the buildup of plaque in arteries. But something else has to happen before people get heart disease. "When you look at patients with heart disease, their cholesterol levels are not that [much] higher than those without heart disease," he says. Compare countries, for example. Spaniards have LDL levels similar to Americans', but less than half the rate of heart disease. The Swiss have even higher cholesterol levels, but their rates of heart disease are also lower. Australian aborigines have low cholesterol but high rates of heart disease.

The article goes on to explain some biochemistry details that I found interesting. I think need to read more about what statins do. Corey’s layman explanation is that they “work by bollixing up the production of a substance that gets turned into cholesterol.” I can do better than that.

Photo and article found here.